現代数学の系譜工学物理雑談古典ガロア理論も読む79

[過去ﾛｸﾞ] 現代数学の系譜工学物理雑談古典ガロア理論も読む79 (1002ﾚｽ)
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306: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE  [] 2019/12/07(土) 09:10:15.06 ID:H2e5WMAT

>>302 補足

http://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/Inter-universal%20Teichmuller%20Theory%20IV.pdf
INTER-UNIVERSAL TEICHMULLER THEORY IV: ¨
LOG-VOLUME COMPUTATIONS AND
SET-THEORETIC FOUNDATIONS
Shinichi Mochizuki
October 2019
Abstract.
(抜粋)
The present paper forms the fourth and final paper in a seriesof papers concerning “inter-universal Teichm¨uller theory”.
In the present paper, estimates arising from these multiradial algorithms for splitting monoids of LGP-monoids are applied to verify various diophantine results which imply,
for instance,
the so-called Vojta Conjecture for hyperbolic curves,
the ABC Conjecture,
nd the Szpiro Conjecture for elliptic curves.
These foundational issues are closely related to the central role played in the present series of papers by various results from absolute anabelian geometry, as well as to the idea of gluing together distinct models of conventional scheme theory, i.e., in a fashion that lies outside the framework of conventional scheme theory.
Moreover, it is precisely these foundational issues surrounding the vertical and horizontal arrows of the log-theta-lattice that led naturally to the introduction of the term “inter-universal”.
(引用終り)

http://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1573769803/306

323: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE  [] 2019/12/07(土) 16:24:59.86 ID:H2e5WMAT

>>306 補足
http://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/Inter-universal%20Teichmuller%20Theory%20IV.pdf
INTER-UNIVERSAL TEICHMULLER THEORY IV:LOG-VOLUME COMPUTATIONS AND SET-THEORETIC FOUNDATIONS Shinichi Mochizuki October 2019
(抜粋)
P3
Theorem A. (Diophantine Inequalities)

Thus, Theorem A asserts an inequality concerning the canonical height [i.e.,“htωX(D)”], the logarithmic different [i.e., “log-diffX”], and the logarithmic conductor [i.e., “log-condD”] of points of the curve UX valued in number fields whose extension degree over Q is ? d .
In particular,
the so-called Vojta Conjecture forhyperbolic curves,
the ABC Conjecture,
and the Szpiro Conjecture for elliptic curves
all follow as special cases of Theorem A.

P54
Corollary 2.3. (Diophantine Inequalities)

P57
Remark 2.3.3. Corollary 2.3 may be thought of as an effective version of the Mordell Conjecture.
From this point of view, it is perhaps of interest to compare the “essential ingredients” that are applied in the proof of Corollary 2.3 [i.e., in effect, that are applied in the present series of papers!] with the “essential ingredients” applied in [Falt].
The following discussion benefited substantially from numerous e-mail and skype exchanges with Ivan Fesenko during the summer of 2015.
(引用終り)

Vojta Conjecture forhyperbolic curves、ABC Conjecture、Szpiro Conjecture for elliptic curves、an effective version of the Mordell Conjecture
全部IUTの射程内だという
本当なら、面白いじゃない？ｗ（＾＾

http://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1573769803/323

336: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE  [] 2019/12/07(土) 19:38:50.21 ID:H2e5WMAT

>>315
二番煎じでも、先の定理を拡張したり、一般化すれば、評価はまた変わる
Weil conjecturesの”second proof”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil_conjectures
Weil conjectures
(抜粋)
Deligne's first proof of the remaining third Weil conjecture (the "Riemann hypothesis conjecture") used the following steps:

Use of Lefschetz pencils
・The theory of monodromy of Lefschetz pencils, introduced for complex varieties (and ordinary cohomology) by Lefschetz (1924), and extended by Grothendieck (1972) and Deligne & Katz (1973) to l-adic cohomology, relates the cohomology of V to that of its fibers.
The relation depends on the space Ex of vanishing cycles, the subspace of the cohomology Hd?1(Vx) of a non-singular fiber Vx, spanned by classes that vanish on singular fibers.
・The Leray spectral sequence relates the middle cohomology group of V to the cohomology of the fiber and base.
c(U,E), where U is the points the projective line with non-singular fibers, and j is the inclusion of U into the projective line, and E is the sheaf with fibers the spaces Ex of vanishing cycles.

The key estimate
The heart of Deligne's proof is to show that the sheaf E over U is pure, in other words to find the absolute values of the eigenvalues of Frobenius on its stalks.
This is done by studying the zeta functions of the even powers Ek of E and applying Grothendieck's formula for the zeta functions as alternating products over cohomology groups.
The crucial idea of considering even k powers of E was inspired by the paper Rankin (1939), who used a similar idea with k=2 for bounding the Ramanujan tau function. Langlands (1970, section 8) pointed out that a generalization of Rankin's result for higher even values of k would imply the Ramanujan conjecture,
and Deligne realized that in the case of zeta functions of varieties, Grothendieck's theory of zeta functions of sheaves provided an analogue of this generalization.
つづく

http://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1573769803/336

337: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE  [] 2019/12/07(土) 19:39:38.79 ID:H2e5WMAT

>>336

つづき

Completion of the proof
The deduction of the Riemann hypothesis from this estimate is mostly a fairly straightforward use of standard techniques and is done as follows.

Deligne's second proof
Deligne (1980) found and proved a generalization of the Weil conjectures, bounding the weights of the pushforward of a sheaf.
In practice it is this generalization rather than the original Weil conjectures that is mostly used in applications, such as the hard Lefschetz theorem. Much of the second proof is a rearrangement of the ideas of his first proof.
The main extra idea needed is an argument closely related to the theorem of Jacques Hadamard and Charles Jean de la Vallee Poussin, used by Deligne to show that various L-series do not have zeros with real part 1.

Inspired by the work of Witten (1982) on Morse theory, Laumon (1987) found another proof, using Deligne's l-adic Fourier transform, which allowed him to simplify Deligne's proof by avoiding the use of the method of Hadamard and de la Vallee Poussin.
His proof generalizes the classical calculation of the absolute value of Gauss sums using the fact that the norm of a Fourier transform has a simple relation to the norm of the original function.
Kiehl & Weissauer (2001) used Laumon's proof as the basis for their exposition of Deligne's theorem. Katz (2001) gave a further simplification of Laumon's proof, using monodromy in the spirit of Deligne's first proof.
Kedlaya (2006) gave another proof using the Fourier transform, replacing etale cohomology with rigid cohomology.

つづく

http://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1573769803/337

340: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE  [] 2019/12/07(土) 20:57:13.66 ID:H2e5WMAT

>>302 補足

再録
http://www.kurims.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~motizuki/project-2020-japanese.html
2020年度に開催予定の訪問滞在型研究「宇宙際タイヒミューラー理論の拡がり」
組織委員：星裕一郎（京都大学数理解析研究所）
　　　　　Ivan Fesenko （英・ノッティンガム大学）
　　　　　田口雄一郎（東京工業大学）
　　　　　加藤文元（東京工業大学）
　　　　　栗原将人（慶応義塾大学）
　　　　　志甫淳（東京大学）
(引用終り)

田口雄一郎（東京工業大学）、栗原将人（慶応義塾大学）、志甫淳（東京大学）など
これらの人に、「先生、先生は本当にIUTは成立していると信じていますか？」とか、
身近な人、忘年会、打上げの会、新年会などで聞いてみてよ（＾＾；

多分、答え方で、
どの程度信じているかが分かるでしょう

あと、>>307に書いた補足だけれど、政治的には望月IUTが正しいかどうかというのは
かなり重要なのだが、
「正しい」方で支持する人は、複数存在する

まあ、疑問を呈する人もいる
疑問を呈する人を分類すると

レベル１．理論が分からない。論文が読めない
レベル２．かなり近い分野の専門家で、論文はある程度読めるが、読み切るほど時間はかけられない
レベル３．近い分野の専門家で、論文も読んだが、半信半疑
レベル４．フィールズ賞クラスの専門家で、論文も読んだが、納得出来ない

となりますかね
まあ、5ｃｈのスレでは、せいぜいレベル２か
レベル３の人も居るかもしれないが、普通そういう人は、プロ同士で話しするよね（少なくとも、長時間のスレ粘着はしないだろう）

レベル４で、はっきり反対を表明している人が複数いるみたい
まあ、同じくらい数が、レベル４で成立を信じているがいるのかな？

レベル３で、”半信半疑”というのは多いと思う
IUTに何千時間も掛けられないでしょうからね

来年は、日本数学会でも議論してほしいね
期待しています（＾＾

http://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1573769803/340

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