[過去ﾛｸﾞ] 現代数学の系譜 カントル 超限集合論 (1002ﾚｽ)
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508(3): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆e.a0E5TtKE 2019/11/28(木)00:22 ID:QdpmOFrx(1/7) AAS
>>504 追加
外部ﾘﾝｸ:en.wikipedia.org
Finite set
(抜粋)
Necessary and sufficient conditions for finiteness
In Zermelo?Fraenkel set theory without the axiom of choice (ZF), the following conditions are all equivalent:[citation needed]
2.(Kazimierz Kuratowski) S has all properties which can be proved by mathematical induction beginning with the empty set and adding one new element at a time. (See below for the set-theoretical formulation of Kuratowski finiteness.)
省4
509(2): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆e.a0E5TtKE 2019/11/28(木)00:24 ID:QdpmOFrx(2/7) AAS
>>508
つづき
Kuratowski finiteness is defined as follows. Given any set S, the binary operation of union endows the powerset P(S) with the structure of a semilattice.
Writing K(S) for the sub-semilattice generated by the empty set and the singletons, call set S Kuratowski finite if S itself belongs to K(S).[8] Intuitively,
K(S) consists of the finite subsets of S. Crucially, one does not need induction, recursion or a definition of natural numbers to define generated by since one may obtain K(S) simply by taking the intersection of all sub-semilattices containing the empty set and the singletons.
Readers unfamiliar with semilattices and other notions of abstract algebra may prefer an entirely elementary formulation.
Kuratowski finite means S lies in the set K(S), constructed as follows. Write M for the set of all subsets X of P(S) such that:
省7
510(3): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆e.a0E5TtKE 2019/11/28(木)00:30 ID:QdpmOFrx(3/7) AAS
>>508-509
＞ 2.(Kazimierz Kuratowski) S has all properties which can be proved by mathematical induction beginning with the empty set and adding one new element at a time. (See below for the set-theoretical formulation of Kuratowski finiteness.)
＞Kuratowski finite means S lies in the set K(S), constructed as follows. Write M for the set of all subsets X of P(S) such that:
＞X contains the empty set;
＞For every set T in P(S), if X contains T then X also contains the union of T with any singleton.
＞Then K(S) may be defined as the intersection of M.
なるほど
省5
511(1): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆e.a0E5TtKE 2019/11/28(木)00:37 ID:QdpmOFrx(4/7) AAS
>>509
>Writing K(S) for the sub-semilattice generated by the empty set and the singletons, call set S Kuratowski finite if S itself belongs to K(S).[8] Intuitively,
>K(S) consists of the finite subsets of S. Crucially, one does not need induction, recursion or a definition of natural numbers to define generated by since one may obtain K(S) simply by taking the intersection of all sub-semilattices containing the empty set and the singletons.
もし、singleton が、ZFCの中で正則性公理により有限に留まらざるを得ないならば、話は単純だが
しかし、そうではないからこそ、Kuratowski先生も苦労して、”Kuratowski finiteness”を定義している
かつ、それでこそ、Kuratowskiの論文の値打ちもあろうというものよｗｗ（＾＾；
519(5): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆e.a0E5TtKE 2019/11/28(木)21:01 ID:QdpmOFrx(5/7) AAS
>>501-502 補足
(引用開始)
天才Zermeloが、シングルトンによる自然数の構成を与えた（1908年）
（”The natural numbers are represented by Zermelo as by Φ, {Φ}, {{Φ}}, …, and the Axiom of Infinity gives us a set of these.”）
外部ﾘﾝｸ:ja.wikipedia.org
自然数
例えば、0 := {}, suc(a) := {a} と定義したならば、
省27
520: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆e.a0E5TtKE 2019/11/28(木)21:02 ID:QdpmOFrx(6/7) AAS
>>519
つづき
（参考）
ガロア過去スレ20 再録 2chｽﾚ:math
１．時枝問題（数学セミナー201511月号＊）の記事）の最初の設定はこうだった。
「箱がたくさん，可算無限個ある.箱それぞれに，私が実数を入れる.
どんな実数を入れるかはまったく自由，例えばn番目の箱にe^πを入れてもよいし，すべての箱にπを入れてもよい.
省16
521(1): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆e.a0E5TtKE 2019/11/28(木)21:05 ID:QdpmOFrx(7/7) AAS
>>519 タイポ訂正
右の|||・・・→{{{・・・ に 取り替えると
↓
右の|||・・・→}}}・・・ に 取り替えると
分かると思うが（＾＾；
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