[過去ﾛｸﾞ] モララーのビデオ棚 in AA長編板その186 (1002ﾚｽ)
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184: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/08/31(土)08:17 ID:B+lQ/01c0(17/20) AAS
AA省
185: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/08/31(土)08:18 ID:B+lQ/01c0(18/20) AAS
AA省
186: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/08/31(土)08:18 ID:B+lQ/01c0(19/20) AAS
AA省
187: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/08/31(土)08:18 ID:B+lQ/01c0(20/20) AAS
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188: 2019/08/31(土)23:54 ID:a9asNpiE0(1) AAS
投下乙です
189: 2019/09/06(金)09:47 ID:77qiT8kp0(1) AAS
乙
190: 2019/09/06(金)23:03 ID:2dUVgC2l0(1) AAS
図があると解り易いですね
191: 2019/09/10(火)04:25 ID:Xpy2YemZ0(1) AAS
久しぶりに来たけど、AA系スレでコンスタントに更新されてるのってもうここだけなのでは……？
192: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:17 ID:kzBl1pZN0(1/24) AAS
AA省
193: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:17 ID:kzBl1pZN0(2/24) AAS
AA省
194: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:17 ID:kzBl1pZN0(3/24) AAS
(2/22)
次の英文を読み、下記の設問に答えなさい
（名古屋大学の問題より）
The story of modern research into ape communication begins in 1931,
when Winthrop and Luella Kellogg, a husband-wife psychologist team,
decided to raise a chimp named Gua alongside their biological son, Donald.
The goal was to see if Gua would pick up language, just as a human child would.
The landmark experiment inspired many similar efforts-but research with Gua herself lasted less than a year.
She was failing to pick up language. (Donald, on the other hand, was reportedly making chimpanzee sounds.)
So the Kelloggs called it quits and gave her to a primate center. Less than a year later, she died from pneumonia.
省11
195: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:18 ID:kzBl1pZN0(4/24) AAS
(3/22)
In 1967-the year before Planet of the Apes was released-yet another husband-wife team,
Allen and Beatrix Gardner, decided to give communication experiments another try.
But they went with a different approach: rather than spoken language,
they would teach a chimpanzee named Washoe American sign language.
Washoe-who wore clothes, sat at the dinner table,
brushed her teeth and played games-quickly began to learn and seemed to understand the meaning of the signs.
A few years into the project, the Gardners moved on to other work and gave their adopted chimp daughter to a primate center.
But scientists there continued to work with Washoe,
and by the end of her life, she had learned around 250 signs and had even taught her son to sign.
省14
196: sage 2019/09/14(土)07:18 ID:kzBl1pZN0(5/24) AAS
(4/22)
Kanzi, who currently lives at the Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative in Iowa,
learned to communicate by observing scientists trying to teach his mother.
“Kanzi basically surprised everyone when he started using the symbols on the board,” Taglialatela says. “Not only that,
he seemed to be showing proficiency for understanding spoken language that researchers-
were just using around the apes while trying to train them.”
By 1993, Kanzi could pass rigorous language comprehension tests, performing at about the level of a 3.5-year-old human child.
In controlled tests, he shows proficiency in about 90 symbols,
and his keepers say he can use around 250 symbols in more natural environments.
He also seems to understand complex sentences: In one experiment ,
省12
197: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:19 ID:kzBl1pZN0(6/24) AAS
(5/22)
問1.Washoe の学習の成果はどうだったか、20〜35字の日本語で答えてください。
問2.Koko の学習の成果はどうだったか、15〜25字の日本語で答えてください。
問3.Herbert Terrace は Nim の学習についてどのように結論付けたか、
30〜35字の日本語で答えてください。
問4.Kanji の学習の成果はどうだったか、70〜90字の日本語で答えてください。
省7
198: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:19 ID:kzBl1pZN0(7/24) AAS
(6/22)
∧∧
(*ﾟ∀ﾟ) 早速区切って塊の訳をしていこう。
The story / of modern research into ape communication / begins in 1931,
物語 /類人猿のコミュニケーションに関する現代研究 /1931年に始まる
when Winthrop / and Luella Kellogg, / a husband-wife psychologist team, /
ウィンスロップと/ ルエラ・ケロッグ/ 夫妻心理学者チーム
decided to raise / a chimp named Gua / alongside their biological son, / Donald.
育てることにした/グアというチンパンジーを/一緒に生物の息子/ドナルド
The goal was to see / if Gua would pick up language, / just as a human child would.
省19
199: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:20 ID:kzBl1pZN0(8/24) AAS
(7/22)
Shortly after / the Viki experiment ended, / however,
直後に/ヴィキの実験が終了した/ただし
Jane Goodall’s groundbreaking / research on chimpanzees / began to hit the news.
ジェーン・グドールの画期的な/チンパンジーに関する研究が/ニュースにヒットし始めた
Goodall showed that / chimps are highly intelligent,
グドールは示した/チンパンジーが非常に知能があることを
emotional beings / with individual personalities / and capable of constructing tools-discoveries
感情的存在/個々の個性/持つツール発見を構築する能力
that challenged assumptions / about their limited abilities.
省19
200: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:20 ID:kzBl1pZN0(9/24) AAS
(8/22)
Sign language, / researchers agreed, /seemed the way to go. / Nim Chimpsky,
手話は/研究者たちが同意した/進むべき道のように思えた/ ニム・チンプスキー
another chimp raised / by a human family / in the 1970s and taught to sign, / showed similar / progress-as did Koko,
別のチンパンジーは/人間の家族によって育てられ/1970年代にサインすることを教えられた/ココと同様の進歩を示した
the gorilla / who understood more than 1,000 signs of / “Gorilla Sign Language” (GSL) / and was exposed to English at an early age.
ゴリラ/1,000以上の兆候を理解し/「ゴリラ手話」（GSL）の/幼い頃に英語に触れた
But the work / on Nim was cut short / when Nim’s adopted father / and experimenter,
仕事は/ニムの短くなった/ニムの父親と/実験者を養子にしたとき、
Herbert Terrace, / became convinced / that Nim had not learned sign language / at all, but had rather / been imitating the trainers.
省11
201: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:21 ID:kzBl1pZN0(10/24) AAS
(9/22)
Indeed, / some researchers were not / ready to give up / and they decided / to try yet another approach.
実際、/一部の研究者は/あきらめる準備ができていなかった/そして彼らはさらに別のアプローチを試みることを決めた
In the mid-1970s, / Emory University scientists created / a symbol board-essentially,
1970年代半ば/エモリー大学の科学者が作成した/シンボルボード-本質的に、
a primitive / computer-and taught a chimp named Lana / to string together different keys to mean different things.
原始的な/コンピュータ-とリーナという名前のチンパンジーを教えて/異なるキーをつなぎ合わせて異なることを意味する
Spinning off from there, / primatologists discovered / what is likely the most talented ape / of them all, / a bonobo named Kanzi.
そこからスピンオフし/霊長類学者が発見した/おそらく最も才能のある類人猿/それらのすべて/ カンジという名前のボノボ
Kanzi, who currently lives / at the Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative in Iowa,
省9
202: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:21 ID:kzBl1pZN0(11/24) AAS
(10/22)
By 1993, / Kanzi could pass rigorous language comprehension tests, / performing at about the level of a 3.5-year-old human child.
1993年まで/、カンジは厳密な言語理解テストに合格し/約3.5歳の人間の子供のレベルで実行することができた
In controlled tests, / he shows proficiency / in about 90 symbols,
制御されたテストでは/彼は熟練度を示す/約90個のシンボルで
and his keepers say he can use around 250 symbols / in more natural environments.
彼の飼育係は約250個のシンボルを使用できると言う/より自然な環境で
He also seems / to understand complex sentences: / In one experiment ,
彼はまた/複雑な文章を理解しているようだ：/ある実験では
he correctly responded / to three-quarters of 660 spoken instructions.
省11
203: ◆SnickelMXA 2019/09/14(土)07:22 ID:kzBl1pZN0(12/24) AAS
(11/22)
Researchers continue to work / with captive apes to try to answer questions /
about how they communicate / with one another and how that
研究者は仕事を続け/飼いならされた類人猿と一緒に質問に答えようとし/
彼らがお互いにどのように通信するのか
relates to the complexity / of their social and emotional lives. /
彼らの社会的および感情的な生活の複雑さ/に関連している /
しかし、自然環境で類人猿を直接観察することに焦点が移っている
As Hobaiter says, / “If we want to know if humans are unique / in our language use, /
we must look at / what apes are doing naturally.”
省15
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