ガロア第一論文と乗数イデアル他関連資料スレ13

[過去ﾛｸﾞ] ガロア第一論文と乗数イデアル他関連資料スレ13 (1002ﾚｽ)
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689: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆yH25M02vWFhP  [] 2025/02/11(火) 17:52:19.59 ID:zr+dFWV7

>>680 タイポ訂正

別に、ブルバキ読みたい人は呼んだら良い。だけど、新しい本を併読すべきだよ ；ｐ）
　↓
別に、ブルバキ読みたい人は読んだら良い。だけど、新しい本を併読すべきだよ ；ｐ）

>>681
(引用開始)
>>676
> πの無理性の証明をしてみれば
> 数学で何が必要かが少しだけわかる
　そういう考え方は気持ち悪い
(引用終り)

>>676 ID:xoFIjB4w
πの無理性の証明をしてみれば
数学で何が必要かが
少しだけわかる
(引用終り)

ID:xoFIjB4w は、御大ね
午後の巡回ご苦労さまです

意味分りますよ

実は、>>609 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E_(mathematical_constant) で
”Complex numbers
The special case with x = π is Euler's identity:
e^iπ+1=0,
which is considered to be an exemplar of mathematical beauty as it shows a profound connection between the most fundamental numbers in mathematics. In addition, it is directly used in a proof that π is transcendental, which implies the impossibility of squaring the circle.[47][48] "
（さらに、これはπが超越数であることの証明に直接使用され、円を二乗することが不可能であることを意味します。[ 47 ] [ 48 ]）
47  Milla, Lorenz (2020). "The Transcendence of π and the Squaring of the Circle". arXiv:2003.14035 [math.HO].
48  Hines, Robert. "e is transcendental" (PDF). University of Colorado. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-23.

とありましたからね　（＾＾
さすが、複素関数論の大家ですね

http://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1738367013/689

721: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆yH25M02vWFhP  [] 2025/02/11(火) 19:45:31.93 ID:zr+dFWV7

>>680 追加

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi
Pi
The number π (/paɪ/ ⓘ; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter.

Irrationality and normality
π is an irrational number, meaning that it cannot be written as the ratio of two integers. Fractions such as ⁠
22/7⁠ and ⁠355/113
⁠ are commonly used to approximate π, but no common fraction (ratio of whole numbers) can be its exact value.[21] Because π is irrational, it has an infinite number of digits in its decimal representation, and does not settle into an infinitely repeating pattern of digits. There are several proofs that π is irrational; they generally require calculus and rely on the reductio ad absurdum technique.

（Proof that π is transcendental から下記へ）
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindemann%E2%80%93Weierstrasstheorem
Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem — if α1, ..., αn are algebraic numbers that are linearly independent over the rational numbers
Q, then eα1, ..., eαn are algebraically independent over Q.

Transcendence of e and π
See also: e (mathematical constant) and Pi
The transcendence of e and π are direct corollaries of this theorem.
To prove that π is transcendental, we prove that it is not algebraic. If π were algebraic, πi would be algebraic as well, and then by the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem eπi = −1 (see Euler's identity) would be transcendental, a contradiction. Therefore π is not algebraic, which means that it is transcendental.
A slight variant on the same proof will show that if α is a non-zero algebraic number then sin(α), cos(α), tan(α) and their hyperbolic counterparts are also transcendental.

Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem
Lindemann–Weierstrass Theorem (Baker's reformulation). — If a1, ..., an are algebraic numbers, and α1, ..., αn are distinct algebraic numbers, then[10]
a1e^α1+a2e^α2+・・・ +ane^αn =0
has only the trivial solution
ai=0 for all i=1,・・・ ,n.
Proof
略

つづく

http://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1738367013/721

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