[過去ﾛｸﾞ] 現代数学の系譜 工学物理雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む78 (1002ﾚｽ)
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377(1): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE 2019/11/02(土)10:33 ID:ZLEqKHqI(8/18) AAS
>>376

つづき

・PSL(2, 5) < PGL(2, 5) → S6, of orders 60 and 120, which yields an embedding of S5 (respectively, A5) as a transitive subgroup of S6 (respectively, A6). This is an example of an exotic map S5 → S6,
and can be used to construct the exceptional outer automorphism of S6.[6] Note that the isomorphism PGL(2, 5) =~ S5 is not transparent from this presentation: there is no particularly natural set of 5 elements on which PGL(2, 5) acts.

Action on p points
While PSL(n, q) naturally acts on (qn?1)/(q?1) = 1+q+...+qn?1 points, non-trivial actions on fewer points are rarer. I
ndeed, for PSL(2, p) acts non-trivially on p points if and only if p = 2, 3, 5, 7, or 11; for 2 and 3 the group is not simple, while for 5, 7, and 11, the group is simple - further, it does not act non-trivially on fewer than p points.[note 5] This was first observed by Evariste Galois in his last letter to Chevalier, 1832.[7]
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378(1): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE 2019/11/02(土)10:34 ID:ZLEqKHqI(9/18) AAS
>>377

つづき

　One then needs to consider the action of the symmetry group of icosahedron on the five associated tetrahedra.

・L2(7) =~ L3(2) which acts on the 1+2+4 = 7 points of the Fano plane (projective plane over F2); this can also be seen as the action on order 2 biplane, which is the complementary Fano plane.
・L2(11) is subtler, and elaborated below; it acts on the order 3 biplane.[8]
Further, L2(7) and L2(11) have two inequivalent actions on p points; geometrically this is realized by the action on a biplane,
which has p points and p blocks - the action on the points and the action on the blocks are both actions on p points,
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