純粋・応用数学・数学隣接分野（含むガロア理論）12

[過去ﾛｸﾞ] 純粋・応用数学・数学隣接分野（含むガロア理論）12 (1002ﾚｽ)
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232(1): 現代数学の系譜雑談 ◆yH25M02vWFhP 2022/12/31(土)23:57 ID:rNlYJ3SK(32/33) AAS
>>231
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他にも非可換群に対する双対理論の類似物は存在していて、いくつかは作用素環論の言葉で定式化されている。基本的な出発点は群 G の群環と双対群 G^ の関数環とが同型になっているということである。

外部ﾘﾝｸ:en.wikipedia.org
Pontryagin duality
Dualities for non-commutative topological groups
For non-commutative locally compact groups {\displaystyle G}G the classical Pontryagin construction stops working for various reasons, in particular, because the characters don't always separate the points of {\displaystyle G}G, and the irreducible representations of {\displaystyle G}G are not always one-dimensional. At the same time it is not clear how to introduce multiplication on the set of irreducible unitary representations of {\displaystyle G}G, and it is even not clear whether this set is a good choice for the role of the dual object for {\displaystyle G}G. So the problem of constructing duality in this situation requires complete rethinking.

Theories built to date are divided into two main groups: the theories where the dual object has the same nature as the source one (like in the Pontryagin duality itself), and the theories where the source object and its dual differ from each other so radically that it is impossible to count them as objects of one class.

The second type theories were historically the first: soon after Pontryagin's work Tadao Tannaka (1938) and Mark Krein (1949) constructed a duality theory for arbitrary compact groups known now as the Tannaka?Krein duality.[17][18] In this theory the dual object for a group {\displaystyle G}G is not a group but a category of its representations {\displaystyle \Pi (G)}{\displaystyle \Pi (G)}.
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233: 現代数学の系譜雑談 ◆yH25M02vWFhP 2022/12/31(土)23:58 ID:rNlYJ3SK(33/33) AAS
>>232
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The theories of first type appeared later and the key example for them was the duality theory for finite groups.[19][20] In this theory the category of finite groups is embedded by the operation {\displaystyle G\mapsto \mathbb {C} _{G}}{\displaystyle G\mapsto \mathbb {C} _{G}} of taking group algebra {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} _{G}}{\displaystyle \mathbb {C} _{G}} (over {\displaystyle \mathbb {C} }\mathbb{C} ) into the category of finite dimensional Hopf algebras, so that the Pontryagin duality functor {\displaystyle G\mapsto {\widehat {G}}}{\displaystyle G\mapsto {\widehat {G}}} turns into the operation {\displaystyle H\mapsto H^{*}}{\displaystyle H\mapsto H^{*}} of taking the dual vector space (which is a duality functor in the category of finite dimensional Hopf algebras).[20]

In 1973 Leonid I. Vainerman, George I. Kac, Michel Enock, and Jean-Marie Schwartz built a general theory of this type for all locally compact groups.[21] From the 1980s the research in this area was resumed after the discovery of quantum groups, to which the constructed theories began to be actively transferred.[22] These theories are formulated in the language of C*-algebras, or Von Neumann algebras, and one of its variants is the recent theory of locally compact quantum groups.[23][22]

One of the drawbacks of these general theories, however, is that in them the objects generalizing the concept of group are not Hopf algebras in the usual algebraic sense.[20] This deficiency can be corrected (for some classes of groups) within the framework of duality theories constructed on the basis of the notion of envelope of topological algebra.[24]
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