[過去ﾛｸﾞ] ハンJ生物学部 2 (858ﾚｽ)
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17: マンセー生物学 [biologist] 2018/10/03(水)15:04 ID:mZtF9L7s(1/6) AAS
ノーベル物理学賞について一言
55年振りの女性受賞
生理学・医学賞では屠呦呦が記憶に新しいと思います
今回の対象となった研究はレーザー物理学の分野です
アシュキン博士の光ピンセットは生体を捕獲して仕組みを調べることに応用され生物学とも深い関わりがあります
ムル博士とストリックランド博士は高強度パルス状レーザーの手法の効率化に貢献しました
レーザー治療として医療に応用されています
18: マンセー生物学 [biologist] 2018/10/03(水)15:08 ID:mZtF9L7s(2/6) AAS
2 October 2018
The Royal Swedish Academy of Scienceshas decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018
“for groundbreaking inventions in the field of laser physics”
with one half to
Arthur Ashkin
省10
19: マンセー生物学 [biologist] 2018/10/03(水)15:12 ID:mZtF9L7s(3/6) AAS
Tools made of light
The inventions being honoured this year have revolutionised laser physics.
Extremely small objects and incredibly rapid processes are now being seen in a new light.
Advanced precision instruments are opening up unexplored areas of research and a multitude of industrial and medical applications.
Arthur Ashkin invented optical tweezers that grab particles, atoms, viruses and other living cells with their laser beam fingers.
This new tool allowed Ashkin to realise an old dream of science fiction – using the radiation pressure of light to move physical objects.
He succeeded in getting laser light to push small particles towards the centre of the beam and to hold them there.
Optical tweezers had been invented.
A major breakthrough came in 1987, when Ashkin used the tweezers to capture living bacteria without harming them.
He immediately began studying biological systems and optical tweezers are now widely used to investigate the machinery of life.
20: マンセー生物学 [biologist] 2018/10/03(水)15:14 ID:mZtF9L7s(4/6) AAS
Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland paved the way towards the shortest and most intense laser pulses ever created by mankind.
Their revolutionary article was published in 1985 and was the foundation of Strickland’s doctoral thesis.
Using an ingenious approach, they succeeded in creating ultrashort high-intensity laser pulses without destroying the amplifying material.
First they stretched the laser pulses in time to reduce their peak power, then amplified them, and finally compressed them.
If a pulse is compressed in time and becomes shorter, then more light is packed together in the same tiny space – the intensity of the pulse increases dramatically.
Strickland and Mourou’s newly invented technique, called chirped pulse amplification, CPA, soon became standard for subsequent high-intensity lasers.
Its uses include the millions of corrective eye surgeries that are conducted every year using the sharpest of laser beams.
The innumerable areas of application have not yet been completely explored.
However, even now these celebrated inventions allow us to rummage around in the microworld in the best spirit of Alfred Nobel – for the greatest benefit to humankind.
21: マンセー生物学 [biologist] 2018/10/03(水)15:22 ID:mZtF9L7s(5/6) AAS
賞金1/2, 1/4, 1/4で分配らしい
22(1): 2018/10/03(水)18:36 ID:wHPoNniD(1/2) AAS
「いつか遺伝子をピンセットで手術するように云々」って文章に感動したのが臨床から研究に転換したって記事が新聞に載ってたけど
発達障害で苦しむねらー諸君の心にも響きそうやね
いやむしろそれくらい当然だろう早くしろと言い出すのか
何にしろ苦しむ奴が居なくなれば良いけどもそれも生物学と優生学の問題がまた出てくるんやろうね
23: 2018/10/03(水)18:46 ID:mZtF9L7s(6/6) AAS
>>22
発達障害は遺伝子によるものやないやろ
エピジェネティクスなら関係あるかもしれんけど
先ずは致死性の遺伝子疾患の治療に使われるやろな
倫理的な問題は出てくるけど医学の原則から外れるものやないやろ
去勢のようなものやないんやから
遺伝子を変えてはならん決まりはあらへん
24: 2018/10/03(水)18:55 ID:wHPoNniD(2/2) AAS
そのタイプの関係の仕方ならあらゆる病気にも言えるんやない
自閉症なんかだと遺伝子のコピーミスが原因って聞いたけど
カタルヘナ法が半分そんなもんやろ？
人間の遺伝子組み換えがいくらヒポクラテスの誓いを破る事がまず無いものではあっても
問題視されるもんではあるし医学的な技術だけで語るのはあかんわ
25: 2018/10/04(木)01:16 ID:ZjCgchKh(1) AAS
韓国の成人の半分が憤怒調節障害、どのように怒りを堪えるか
https://japanese.joins.com/article/j_article.php?aid=198552
26(2): 2018/10/04(木)04:02 ID:Vw5XX0Th(1/2) AAS
ノーベル賞の指向性進化法ってどういうことや
27(1): 2018/10/04(木)19:43 ID:h5BV2MDl(1) AAS
あげあげ⤴
>>26
取り敢えずこれで勉強するか
https://www.chem-station.com/chemglossary/2017/11/directed-evolution.html
28(1): 2018/10/04(木)20:09 ID:Vw5XX0Th(2/2) AAS
>>27
生物の生存ってわかりやすく個体に関わる形質ならともかく
それで薬を作るってのは分かりにくいな
29: 2018/10/05(金)00:17 ID:8ptCOVdg(1/2) AAS
>>26
>>28
GAを本物の物質で行うようなもの？
30: 2018/10/05(金)00:29 ID:8ptCOVdg(2/2) AAS
3 scientists sped up evolution in a lab. Their work just won a Nobel Prize.
https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/10/3/17931612/nobel-prize-2018-chemistry-directed-evolution-enzymes-antibodies
31: 2018/10/06(土)15:11 ID:fAs0KVTe(1) AAS
あげ
32: 2018/10/07(日)09:42 ID:DqtCJAim(1/7) AAS
3 October 2018
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018
with one half to
Frances H. Arnold
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
“for the directed evolution of enzymes”
省7
33: 2018/10/07(日)09:49 ID:DqtCJAim(2/7) AAS
They harnessed the power of evolution
The power of evolution is revealed through the diversity of life.
The 2018 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have taken control of evolution and used it for purposes that bring the greatest benefit to humankind.
Enzymes produced through directed evolution are used to manufacture everything from biofuels to pharmaceuticals.
Antibodies evolved using a method called phage display can combat autoimmune diseases and in some cases cure metastatic cancer.
Since the first seeds of life arose around 3.7 billion years ago, almost every crevice on Earth has filled with different organisms.
Life has spread to hot springs, deep oceans and dry deserts, all because evolution has solved a number of chemical problems.
Life’s chemical tools – proteins – have been optimised, changed and renewed, creating incredible diversity.
This year’s Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have been inspired by the power of evolution and used the same principles – genetic change and selection – to develop proteins that solve mankind’s chemical problems.
34: 2018/10/07(日)09:53 ID:DqtCJAim(3/7) AAS
One half of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded to Frances H. Arnold.
In 1993, she conducted the first directed evolution of enzymes, which are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions.
Since then, she has refined the methods that are now routinely used to develop new catalysts.
The uses of Frances Arnold’s enzymes include more environmentally friendly manufacturing of chemical substances, such as pharmaceuticals, and the production of renewable fuels for a greener transport sector.
The other half of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry is shared by George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter.
In 1985, George Smith developed an elegant method known as phage display, where a bacteriophage – a virus that infects bacteria – can be used to evolve new proteins.
Gregory Winter used phage display for the directed evolution of antibodies, with the aim of producing new pharmaceuticals.
The first one based on this method, adalimumab, was approved in 2002 and is used for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and inflammatory bowel diseases.
Since then, phage display has produced anti-bodies that can neutralise toxins, counteract autoimmune diseases and cure metastatic cancer.
We are in the early days of directed evolution’s revolution which, in many different ways, is bringing and will bring the greatest benefit to humankind.
35: 2018/10/07(日)10:21 ID:DqtCJAim(4/7) AAS
化学賞は女性が賞金1/2か
今年の自然科学のノーベル賞は全て生物学と関係が深い分野であり生物学がホットであることが改めて感じられる
36(1): 2018/10/07(日)19:30 ID:DQN6NzrB(1/2) AAS
まあ我々凡俗には関係無いけどな
上下前次1-新書関写板覧索設栞歴
あと 822 ﾚｽあります
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