ガロア第一論文と乗数イデアル他関連資料スレ13

[過去ﾛｸﾞ] ガロア第一論文と乗数イデアル他関連資料スレ13 (1002ﾚｽ)
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945: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆yH25M02vWFhP  [] 2025/02/15(土) 09:35:15.64 ID:XknlDm4+

>>932
(引用開始)
>>26
（引用開始）
(3(Zornの補題) ⇒ 1(選択公理))
{X_λ}_{λ∈Λ}を非空集合の族とする．
A := { g:Σ→∪_{λ∈Λ} X_λ | Σ⊂Λ, 任意のλ∈Σに対してg(λ)∈Xλ }
としてAに ⊂ で順序を入れる．B⊂Aを部分全順序集合とするとき ∪g∈B g ∈ A は B の上界である．
即ち A はZornの補題の仮定を満たす．故に極大元 f∈A を持つ．
もし dom(f)≠Λ であれば f が極大であることに反するので dom(f)=Λ となる．故に f は選択関数である．
（引用終了）
選択関数はAの元なんだから、Aがwell-definedなら選択関数の存在は自明だけどその証明が無いのでは？
(引用終り)

それ >>26 https://alg-d.com/math/ac/wo_z.html が、元のリンクだね？ alg-d 壱大整域さんに質問しなよ、喜んでくれるだろう
それとは別に、他の証明と照らし合わせるのが良い、というか 常用のスジだ
下記 ”Zorn's lemma implies the axiom of choice”の証明で
集合族で 和集合”its union U:=⋃X”が一つのスジだ
それで、下記 関数 f:X→U を導入する。これが、最後 選択関数になるんだろう
Zorn's lemma に乗せるために、順序 ”It is partially ordered by extension; i.e.,”を導入する
で、この順序で ”The function g is in P and f<g, a contradiction to the maximality of f.”として 結局 fが極大で
即ち fが 選択関数だと

繰り返すが、上記 alg-d 壱大整域さん と 下記 en.wikipedia を見比べてみな

(参考)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorn%27s_lemma
Zorn's lemma

Zorn's lemma implies the axiom of choice
A proof that Zorn's lemma implies the axiom of choice illustrates a typical application of Zorn's lemma.[17]

Given a set X of nonempty sets and its union
U:=⋃X
(which exists by the axiom of union), we want to show there is a function
f:X→U such that
f(S)∈S for each
S∈X. For that end, consider the set
P={f:X′→U∣X′⊂X,f(S)∈S}.
It is partially ordered by extension; i.e.,
f≤g if and only if
f is the restriction of g. If
fi:Xi→U
is a chain in P, then we can define the function f on the union
X′=∪iXi by setting
f(x)=fi(x) when
x∈Xi. This is well-defined since if i<j, then
fi is the restriction of fj . The function
f is also an element of P and is a common extension of all fi's. Thus, we have shown that each chain in
P has an upper bound in P. Hence, by Zorn's lemma, there is a maximal element
f in P that is defined on some X′⊂X. We want to show
X′=X. Suppose otherwise; then there is a set
S∈X−X′. As S is nonempty, it contains an element s. We can then extend
f to a function g by setting g|X′=f and g(S)=s. (Note this step does not need the axiom of choice.) The function g is in P and f<g, a contradiction to the maximality of f. ◻

http://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1738367013/945

950: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 ◆yH25M02vWFhP  [] 2025/02/15(土) 09:56:20.09 ID:XknlDm4+

>>945 補足
>A proof that Zorn's lemma implies the axiom of choice illustrates a typical application of Zorn's lemma.[17]

えーと、最後の [17]を見ると下記だ
Notes
17  Halmos 1960, § 16. Exercise.
References
Halmos, Paul (1960). Naive Set Theory. Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand Company.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naive_Set_Theory_(book)
Naive Set Theory (book)

うーんと、海賊版を探すと
Naive set theory.
Halmos, Paul R. (Paul Richard), 1916-2006.
Princeton, N.J., Van Nostrand, [1960]

があった (下記 文字化けと乱丁ご容赦)
Sec. 16  ZORN'S LEMMA p65
Exercise.
Zorn's lemma is equivalent to the axiom of choice.
[Hint
for the proof: given a set X, consider functions /such that dom/C
(P(X), ran/dX, and f(A)eA for all A in dom/; order these functions
by extension, use Zorn's lemma to find a maximal one among them, and
prove that if/ismaximal, then dom/= <P(X)
—
{0}.] Consider each
of the following statements and prove that they too are equivalent to
the axiom of choice.
(i)
Every partially ordered set has a maximal
chain (i.e., a chain that
is
not
a
proper subset of any other chain).
(ii)
Every chain in
a
partially ordered set
is
included in some maximal chain.
(iii) Every partially ordered set in which each chain has
a
least upper
bound has a maximal element.
(引用終り)

か
解答はないかな？・・・ ないね・・  ；ｐ）

http://rio2016.5ch.net/test/read.cgi/math/1738367013/950

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