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111(3): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE [sage] 2017/12/16(土) 14:37:26.86 ID:/2xvBEHK(25/58) AAS
>>110 つづき
[13] Gerald Arthur Heuer, "Functions continuous at irrationals and discontinuous at rationals", abstract of talk given 2 November 1963 at the annual fall meeting of the Minnesota Section of the MAA, American Mathematical Monthly 71 #3 (March 1964), 349.
The complete text of the abstract follows, with minor editing changes to accommodate ASCII format.
Earlier results of Porter, Fort, and others suggest additional questions about the functions in the title. Differentiability and Lipschitz conditions are considered. Special attention ispaid to the ruler function (f) and its powers.
Sample results:
THEOREM:
If 0 < r < 2, f^r is nowhere Lipschitzian; f^2 is nowhere differentiable, but is Lipschitzian on a dense subset of the reals.
THEOREM:
If r > 0, f^r is continuous but not Lipschitzian at every Liouville number;
if r > 2, f^r is differentiable at every algebraic irrational.
THEOREM:
If g is continuous at the irrationals and not continuous at the rationals, then there exists a dense uncountable subset of the reals at each point of which g fails to satisfy a Lipschitz condition.
REMARK BY RENFRO:
The last theorem follows from the following stronger and more general result.
Let f:R --> R be such that the sets of points at which f is continuous and discontinuous are each dense in R.
Let E be the set of points at which f is continuous and where at least one of the four Dini derivates of f is infinite.
Then E is co-meager in R (i.e. the complement of a first category set).
This was proved in H. M. Sengupta and B. K. Lahiri, "A note on derivatives of a function",
Bulletin of the Calcutta Mathematical Society 49 (1957), 189-191 [MR 20 #5257; Zbl 85.04502]. See also my note in item [15] below.
つづく
112(2): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE [sage] 2017/12/16(土) 14:37:52.20 ID:/2xvBEHK(26/58) AAS
>>111 つづき
[15] Gerald Arthur Heuer, "Functions continuous at the irrationals and discontinuous at the rationals", American Mathematical Monthly 72 #4 (April 1965), 370-373. [MR 31 #3550; Zbl 131.29201]
NOTE: Sengupta/Lahiri had essentially obtained this result in 1957 (the points of discontinuity have to form an F_sigma set, however).
See my remark in [13] above.
This result is also proved in Gerald Arthur Heuer, "A property of functions discontinuous on a dense set", American Mathematical Monthly 73 #4 (April 1966), 378-379 [MR 34 #2791].
Heuer proves that for each 0 < s <= 1 and for each f:R --> R such that {x: f is continuous at x} is dense in R and {x: f is not continuous at x} is dense in R, the set of points where f does not satisfy a pointwise Holder condition of order s is the complement of a first category set (i.e. a co-meager set).
By choosing s < 1, we obtain a stronger version of Sengupta/Lahiri's result.
By intersecting theco-meager sets for s = 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, ..., we get a co-meager set G such that, for each x in G, f doesnot satisfy a pointwise Holder condition at x forany positive Holder exponent.
(Heuer does not explicitly state this last result.)
A metric space version of Heuer's result for an arbitrary given pointwise modulus of continuity condition is essentially given in: Edward Maurice Beesley, Anthony Perry Morse, and Donald Chesley Pfaff, "Lipschitzian points", American Mathematical Monthly 79 #6 (June/July 1972), 603-608 [MR 46 #304; Zbl 239.26004].
See also the last theorem in Norton [17] below.
つづく
122: 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE [sage] 2017/12/16(土) 15:32:29.99 ID:/2xvBEHK(34/58) AAS
>>111
フルペーパーまではゲットできず（＾＾
まあ、Abstractだけでも
http://www.calmathsoc.org/bulletin/article.php?ID=B.1957.49.31
Bulletin of the Calcutta Mathematical Society
Article Details
Article ID B.1957.49.31
Title A Note on Derivatives of a Function
Author H.M. Sengupta & B.K. Lahiri
Issue Vol. 49, No. 4, - 1957
Article No. 31, Pages 189-191
Abstract
Recently Prof. Fort Jr. (1951) has proved a striking theorem regarding the differentiability of a function which is discontinuous over an everywhere dense set and continuous over an everywhere dense set.
He has proved that if the set of points where the function is discontinuous be everywhere dense and if there be an everywhere dense set of points where f(x) is continuous, then the set of points (if it exists) where the function is differentiable is a set of the first category.
He proves this by showing that the set of points where f(x) is continuous but not differentiable is a residual set.
In this note it is a proposed to show that in case there is an everywhere dense set of points when f(x) is discontinuous and an everywhere dense set of points where f(x) is continuous, then there always exists a residual set at each point of which at least one of the four derivatives D^+f, D_+f, D^-f is infinite.
In this connection, we refer to an article by W.H. Young (1903) [see Hobson, 1927] where it is proved that for any function f(x) defined in a
Latex Reference [BiBTeX format]
@ARTICLE { [citing tag of your choice],
? ?AUTHOR = {H.M. Sengupta & B.K. Lahiri},
? ?TITLE = {A Note on Derivatives of a Function},
? ?YEAR = {1957},
? ?JOURNAL = "Bulletin of Cal. Math. Soc.",
? ?VOLUME = {49},
? ?NUMBER = {4},
? ?PAGES = {189-191} }
以上
206(4): 現代数学の系譜 雑談 古典ガロア理論も読む ◆e.a0E5TtKE [sage] 2017/12/17(日) 19:08:53.20 ID:uVIGteN6(25/26) AAS
>>201-205
笑える
みんな、逃げ口上と言い訳は、上手いね
要は
１．もし、>>168が正しいなら、１点のリプシッツ”不”連続点となる関数は存在して、当然、”ある区間(a, b) 上でリプシッツ連続である”は言える。
２．有限個のリプシッツ”不”連続点となる関数も存在して、これまた、”ある区間(a, b) 上でリプシッツ連続である”は言える。
３．そして、非可算無限個のリプシッツ”不”連続点で、実数直線R中にそれが稠密に分散している関数は存在して、これは>>110-113に記されている。
この場合”ある区間(a, b) 上でリプシッツ連続である”は言えない。∵リプシッツ”不”連続点が、稠密に分散しているから
但し、「非可算無限個のリプシッツ”不”連続点」だから、>>155の”定理1.7 (422 に書いた定理)”の条件「内点を持たない閉集合の高々可算和で被覆できる」に合わないので、存在しても反例にはならない。
４．では、可算無限個のリプシッツ”不”連続点で、実数直線R中にそれが稠密に分散している関数は存在しえるのか？
もし、存在し得るなら、”定理1.7 (422 に書いた定理)”の反例となるが、
”定理1.7 (422 に書いた定理)”が、正しいとすると、”可算無限個のリプシッツ”不”連続点で、実数直線R中にそれが稠密に分散している関数は存在しえない”となる
５．問題は、なぜ、”可算無限個のリプシッツ”不”連続点で、実数直線R中にそれが稠密に分散している関数は存在しえない”のか？
非可算無限個で稠密なら可能なのに。有限個でも可能なのに。
その中間たる”可算無限個”では、なぜ存在しえないのか？
ということ。
だれか、教えて（＾＾
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